Hybridization in coordination compound

The main application of Valence Bond Theory is to predict hybridization in a coordination compound.

Hybridization is the concept of mixing of atomic orbital into a new hybrid orbital.
For example, if one s-orbital combine with one p-orbital it will form a new sp hybrid orbital.

Like that, sp²hybrid orbital = one s-orbital + two p-orbital

sp³ hybrid orbital = one s-orbital + three p-orbital

sp²d hybrid orbital = one s-orbital + two p-orbital + three p-orbital

sp³d² hybrid orbital = one s-orbital + three p-orbital + two d-orbital

The coordination number of the metal atom or ion decide the hybridization and geometry of the complex.

For example, if the coordination number is 6, then 6 hybrid orbitals combine among themselves and give sp³d²hybridization.

1. Inner orbital Octahedral complex ( d²sp³hybridization)

2. Outer orbital Octahedral complex ( sp³d²hybridization)

But, both the hybridization leads to Octahedral geometry.

If the coordination number is 4 there is the possibilities of two types of geometry i.e.

1. Tetrahedral complex ( sp³hybridization)

2. Square planar complex( dsp²hybridization)

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